叠氮化钠的物化性质如下:
物理性质
白色六方晶系结晶。对热不稳定,水溶液遇酸放出有毒的HN3(氢叠氮酸)。在真空中可以加热至300℃时不爆炸而分解成钠和氮气,而空气中加热300℃释放大量氮气。水中溶解度:10℃时为40.16%,17℃时为41.7%。乙醇中溶解度:25℃时为0.3%。溶于液氨,不溶于乙醚。
化学性质
在水中溶解度较大(17℃时 42 g/100 mL),显弱碱性。与各种金属或二硫化碳反应,生成爆炸性强的叠氮化合物。此外,也可以与酸发生反应,产生具有爆炸性和刺激性臭味的有毒气体叠氮化氢。
碱金属的叠氮化物没有重金属的叠氮化物那样敏感性,在空气中迅速加热叠氮钠会在达到熔点前就剧烈的分解为金属钠和氮,一部分的叠氮化物会转化为氮化物。碱金属的叠氮化合物和二硫化碳反应可以得到叠氮基二硫代碳酸盐。叠氮化钠和碳反应得到氰化钠或氨氰化钠。叠氮钠溶液和NaClO的CCl4溶液混合后酸化会得到高爆炸性的叠氮化氯。
叠氮化钠的应用
叠氮化钠为照相乳剂的一种防腐剂。可加入乳剂中,或加到中间层及保护层中,不影响乳剂照相性能,具有优良的防腐杀菌性能。配制叠氮化钠血液培养基。分析化学上用于分析硫化物及硫氰酸盐的试剂。有机合成。制造氢叠氮酸、叠氮铅、除草剂。用于汽车的安全气囊中,当发生车祸时迅速分解放出氮气,使安全气囊充气。
用作医药原料,由叠氮化钠制备四唑类化合物,进一步合成抗生素头孢菌素药物,而四唑类化合物还是彩色摄影用药剂。
用作耐热性特殊雷管的起爆剂叠氮化铅的原料。合成树脂发泡剂。用作吸收及除去真空管内残余气体。用作有机合成原料、农药原料、分析试剂。
用作药品和炸药,也用来制叠氮酸、叠氮酸酯、叠氮化铅和纯的金属钠。
用作有机合成原料、农药原料、分析试剂。用作药品和炸药,也用来制叠氮酸、叠氮酸酯、叠氮化铅和纯的金属钠。
叠氮化钠亦称“三氮化钠”,化学式NaN3,分子量65.01,白色六方系晶体,无味,无臭,纯品无吸湿性。有毒。相对密度1.846。
不溶于乙醚,微溶于乙醇(25℃ 时0.3),溶于液氨(0℃时50.7)和水(0℃时 39、10℃时40.16、100℃时55)。虽然无可燃性,但有爆炸性。
因为百度的文字狱,网址只能分开写。
这东西只有英文比较全,在网上帮你找了些内容和参考文献:
首先从
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com
找到了些内容,而提到的[5]和[7]参考文献应该是你所需要的内容,你在这基础上,根据你所需,请在pubmed 多查一查。
http://
en.
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Biochemistry and biomedical uses
Sodium azide is a useful probe reagent, mutagen, and preservative. In hospitals and laboratories, it is a biocide; it is especially important in bulk reagents and stock solutions which may otherwise support bacterial growth where the sodium azide acts as a bacteriostatic by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase in gram-negative bacteria; gram-positive (streptococci, pneumococci, lactobacilli) are resistant[5] (a characteristic similar to antibiotic resistance). It is also used in agriculture (farming) for pest control.
Azide inhibits cytochrome oxidase by binding irreversibly to the heme cofactor in a process similar to the action of carbon monoxide. Sodium azide particularly affects organs that undergo high rates of respiration, such as the heart and the brain.
Safety
Sodium azide is often compared with cyanide, as they give similar symptoms. Exposure to sodium azide has some or all of the following symptoms within minutes: rapid breathing, restlessness, dizziness, weakness, headache, nausea and vomiting, rapid heart rate, red eyes (gas or dust exposure), clear drainage from the nose (gas or dust exposure), cough (gas or dust exposure), skin burns and blisters (explosion or direct skin contact). Exposure to a large amount of sodium azide may cause these other health effects as well: convulsions, low blood pressure, low heart rate, loss of consciousness, and lung injury, respiratory failure leading to death.[7]
references:
[5] Lichstein, Herman C.; Malcolm H. Soule (1943-06-19). "Studies of the Effect of Sodium Azide on Microbic Growth and Respiration". Journal of Bacteriology 47 (3): 221–230. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=373904.
[7] http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/s2906.htm
叠氮酸钠中的氮很不稳定,可用来制炸药。也可用于汽车气囊里面用来减震。2NaN3==(碰撞)2Na+3N2